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4
THE FIVE ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF READING
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Phonemic awareness is the ability to recognize and use
sounds to create words. Children need to be able to
hear sounds in words and realize that words are made up of
these sounds (phonemes).
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Phonics is associating written letters with spoken
sounds. Children need to learn the sound-symbol
relationships.
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Reading Fluency is the ability to read a text
accurately, effortlessly, and with expression. Reading
fluently does not mean reading fast. Being a
fluent reader allows the reader to focus more on
comprehending.
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Vocabulary is essential to comprehension in that readers
need to know the meanings of words to understand what they
are reading.
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Comprehension is basically understanding what has been
read. This is the goal of reading.
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